The Old Testament has 39 books, grouped as the Pentateuch, Major Prophets, Minor Prophets, Historical Books, and Poetical Books. From creation through Israel’s covenant and history, and the prophets’ warnings and hope, it records God’s plan of salvation toward the coming Messiah.

Background of writing

  • Authors and inspiration — Each book was written by many people—Moses, prophets, kings, and scribes—moved by the Holy Spirit (2 Tim. 3:16). One God continues his saving purpose.
  • Time of writing — From the time of Moses (15th century BC) to Malachi (around the 5th century BC), spanning about 1,000 years.
  • Historical setting — Creation and the patriarchs, the Exodus and entry into Canaan, the judges and monarchy, the divided kingdoms and exile, and the return and rebuilding of the temple form Israel’s history.

Purpose of writing

  • God created heaven and earth, chose a covenant people, and taught a holy life through the law, sacrifices, and appointed times.
  • Through blessing and judgment, exile and restoration according to obedience and disobedience, he showed his justice and faithfulness.
  • Through the prophets he foretold the coming of the Messiah and his kingdom, shining ahead to the hope of salvation fulfilled in the New Testament.
  • The whole Old Testament calls God’s people today to hold the covenant and look to the salvation completed in Christ.

Choose a category below to listen to exposition audio sermons.